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Tens of thousands of Fortnite<\/em> players have been infected by malware that hijacks encrypted Web sessions so it can inject fraudulent ads into every website a user visits, an executive with a game-streaming service said Monday.<\/p>\n Rainway CEO Andrew Sampson said in a blog post that company engineers first detected the mass infections last week when server logs reported hundreds of thousands of errors. The engineers soon discovered that the errors were the result of ads that somehow were injected into user traffic. Rainway uses a technique known as whitelisting that permits customers to connect only to approved URLs. The addresses hosting the fraudulent addresses\u2014hosted on the adtelligent.com<\/a> and springserve.com<\/a> domains\u2014along with unauthorized JavaScript that accompanied them made it clear the traffic was generated by malware infecting a large number of game players using the Rainway service. Rainway is a cloud-based service that lets people play PC games remotely, similar to PlayStation Now.<\/p>\n \u201cAs the errors kept flowing in, we took a glance at what these users had in common,\u201d Sampson wrote. \u201cThey didn\u2019t share any hardware, their ISPs were different, and all of their systems were up to date. However, one thing did stand out\u2014they played Fortnite.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n Suspecting the malware was spread by one of the countless Fortnite<\/em> cheating hacks available online that promise to give users an unfair advantage over other players, Rainway researchers downloaded hundreds of the hacks and scoured them for references to the rogue URLs. The researchers eventually found one Sampson declined to name that promised to allow users to generate free in-game currency called V-Bucks. It also promised users access to an \u201caimbot,\u201d which automatically aims the character\u2019s gun at opponents without any need for precision by the player. When the researchers ran the app in a virtual machine, they discovered that it installed a self-signed root certificate that could perform a man-in-the-middle attack on every encrypted website the user visited.<\/p>\n Sampson wrote: \u201cNow, the adware began altering the pages of all Web requests to add in tags for Adtelligent and voila<\/em>, we\u2019ve found the source of the problem\u2014now what?\u201d<\/p>\n Rainway researchers reported the rogue malware to the unnamed service provider that hosted it. The service provider removed the malware and reported that it had been downloaded 78,000 times. In all, the malware generated 381,000 errors in Rainway\u2019s logs. The researchers also reported the abuse to Adtelligent and Springserve. Adtelligent, Sampson said, didn\u2019t respond, but Springserve helped to identify the abusive ads and remove them from its platform. Adtelligent officials didn\u2019t immediately respond to a message seeking comment for this post. Officials from Epic Games, the maker Fortnite, declined to comment.<\/p>\n Sampson also said that Rainway implemented a defense known as Certificate pinning. Certificate pinning binds a specific certificate to a given domain name in order to prevent browsers from trusting fraudulent TLS certificates that are self-signed by an attacker or misissued by a browser-trusted authority. While the adoption of certificate pinning is a good defense-in-depth move, it unfortunately would do nothing to protect users against root certificates installed to perform man-in-the-middle attacks, as Google researchers have warned for years. That means the malware has the ability to read, intercept, or tamper with the traffic of any HTTPS-protected site on the Internet.<\/p>\nRoot certificate installed<\/h2>\n
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